Egypt civilization

Egypt or officially The Arab Republic of Egypt is an Arab country located in the northeast corner of the continent of Africa, and has an Asian extension, where the Sinai Peninsula is located in the continent of Asia is an intercontinental state. The Arab Republic of Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea with a coast of 995 km. It is bordered on the east by the Red Sea with a coast of 194 km. It is bordered in the north-east by the area of ​​Palestine (Israel and the Gaza Strip) with a length of 265 km. It is also bordered by Sudan for a length of 1280 km. The area of ​​the Arab Republic of Egypt is about 1,002,000 square kilometers [6] and the inhabited area is 78,990 km2 with 7.8% of the total area. [7] Egypt is administratively divided into 27 governorates, and each governorate is divided into smaller administrative divisions, the centers or sections. [8]

The majority of Egypt's population is concentrated in the Nile Valley and in the urban areas. The Nile Valley and the Delta constitute less than 4% of the total area of ​​the country, or about 33,000 km2. The largest population is Greater Cairo, which has a quarter of the population, followed by Alexandria; The Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea and Suez Canal cities. These places occupy an area of ​​40,000 square kilometers. While the non-contiguous desert forms the bulk of the country. [9]

Egypt is known for having one of the oldest civilizations on Earth, where humans began to migrate to the banks of the Nile and settled and began to cultivate land and raise livestock for about 10,000 years. And the development of its people quickly and started in simple industries and the development of social fabric interconnected, and the formation of adjacent neighboring Pacific on the banks of the Nile trade exchange, a precedent in all countries of the world. This is evidenced by the civilization of Badari about 7000 years ago and the civilization of Naqada (4400 BC - about 3000 years BC). Its natural evolution was to merge with each other north and south and unify the tribal and maritime sides and began the central rule represented at the beginning of the family era (about 3000 BC). Trade with its neighbors, where Egypt is one of the first trading countries. Writing in Egypt has had a great impact on the life of the country and its rapid development. The ancient Egyptian was fond of writing. Ancient Egypt also witnessed a development in medicine, engineering and arithmetic.

Then came the advent of Alexander the Great, which was founded after the Ptolemaic state, then conquered by the Romans and remained under their rule 600 years and during this period saw the emergence of Christianity in Egypt, and then came the Islamic conquest and turned Egypt into an Islamic state, and was founded in Egypt has many countries such as: the Tulunid, then the Ekhchidia, then the Fatimid, then the Ayyubid and the Mamluks, and then it became under the Ottomans until 1914 when the Sultanate was declared, then it became a kingdom and then became a republic.

Egypt is famous for its many monuments, such as the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, the Karnak Temple, the Monastery of the Kings, the Valley of the Kings and its other ancient monuments, such as those in Memphis, Taibeh and Karnak, and parts of these monuments are exhibited in major museums around the world. A special science was found to study the effects of Egypt called Egyptology, as well as the Roman, Greek, Coptic and Islamic monuments of various ages.

Arabic is the official language, and according to the Constitution, its official religion is Islam, [11] and its system of government is democratic. [12] Egypt is a founding member of the Arab League and has its headquarters. It is also a founding member of the United Nations, where it joined in 1945, in addition to its membership in the African Union. Egypt is also a member of many international associations and organizations. Most of the world. [13]